Luke 1

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1Since many have undertaken to set in order a narrative concerning those matters which have been fulfilled among us,

2even as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word delivered them to us,

3it seemed good to me also, having traced the course of all things accurately from the first, to write to you in order, most excellent Theophilus;

4that you might know the certainty concerning the things in which you were instructed.

5There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the priestly division of Abijah. He had a wife of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth.

6They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord.

7But they had no child, because Elizabeth was barren, and they both were well advanced in years.

8Now while he executed the priest’s office before God in the order of his division,

9according to the custom of the priest’s office, his lot was to enter into the temple of the Lord and burn incense.

10The whole multitude of the people were praying outside at the hour of incense.

11An angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing on the right side of the altar of incense.

12Zacharias was troubled when he saw him, and fear fell upon him.

13But the angel said to him, “Don’t be afraid, Zacharias, because your request has been heard, and your wife, Elizabeth, will bear you a son, and you shall call his name John.

14You will have joy and gladness; and many will rejoice at his birth.

15For he will be great in the sight of the Lord, and he will drink no wine nor strong drink. He will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother’s womb.

16He will turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord, their God.

17He will go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah, ‘to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children,’ and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to prepare a people prepared for the Lord.”

18Zacharias said to the angel, “How can I be sure of this? For I am an old man, and my wife is well advanced in years.”

19The angel answered him, “I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God. I was sent to speak to you, and to bring you this good news.

20Behold, you will be silent and not able to speak, until the day that these things will happen, because you didn’t believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their proper time.”

21The people were waiting for Zacharias, and they marveled that he delayed in the temple.

22When he came out, he could not speak to them, and they perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple. He continued making signs to them, and remained mute.

23When the days of his service were fulfilled, he departed to his house.

24After these days Elizabeth, his wife, conceived, and she hid herself five months, saying,

25“Thus has the Lord done to me in the days in which he looked at me, to take away my reproach among men.”

26Now in the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city of Galilee, named Nazareth,

27to a virgin pledged to be married to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David. The virgin’s name was Mary.

28Having come in, the angel said to her, “Rejoice, you highly favored one! The Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women!”

29But when she saw him, she was greatly troubled at the saying, and considered what kind of salutation this might be.

30The angel said to her, “Don’t be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God.

31Behold, you will conceive in your womb, and give birth to a son, and will call his name ‘Jesus.’

32He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father, David,

33and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever. There will be no end to his Kingdom.”

34Mary said to the angel, “How can this be, seeing I am a virgin?”

35The angel answered her, “The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore also the holy one who is born from you will be called the Son of God.

36Behold, Elizabeth, your relative, also has conceived a son in her old age; and this is the sixth month with her who was called barren.

37For everything spoken by God is possible.”

38Mary said, “Behold, the handmaid of the Lord; be it to me according to your word.” The angel departed from her.

39Mary arose in those days and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Judah,

40and entered into the house of Zacharias and greeted Elizabeth.

41When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.

42She called out with a loud voice, and said, “Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb!

43Why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?

44For behold, when the voice of your greeting came into my ears, the baby leaped in my womb for joy!

45Blessed is she who believed, for there will be a fulfillment of the things which have been spoken to her from the Lord!”

46Mary said, “My soul magnifies the Lord.

47My spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior,

48for he has looked at the humble state of his handmaid. For behold, from now on, all generations will call me blessed.

49For he who is mighty has done great things for me. Holy is his name.

50His mercy is for generations of generations on those who fear him.

51He has shown strength with his arm. He has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.

52He has put down princes from their thrones. And has exalted the lowly.

53He has filled the hungry with good things. He has sent the rich away empty.

54He has given help to Israel, his servant, that he might remember mercy,

55As he spoke to our fathers, to Abraham and his offspring forever.”

56Mary stayed with her about three months, and then returned to her house.

57Now the time that Elizabeth should give birth was fulfilled, and she gave birth to a son.

58Her neighbors and her relatives heard that the Lord had magnified his mercy towards her, and they rejoiced with her.

59On the eighth day, they came to circumcise the child; and they would have called him Zacharias, after the name of the father.

60His mother answered, “Not so; but he will be called John.”

61They said to her, “There is no one among your relatives who is called by this name.”

62They made signs to his father, what he would have him called.

63He asked for a writing tablet, and wrote, “His name is John.” They all marveled.

64His mouth was opened immediately, and his tongue freed, and he spoke, blessing God.

65Fear came on all who lived around them, and all these sayings were talked about throughout all the hill country of Judea.

66All who heard them laid them up in their heart, saying, “What then will this child be?” The hand of the Lord was with him.

67His father, Zacharias, was filled with the Holy Spirit, and prophesied, saying,

68“Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, for he has visited and worked redemption for his people;

69and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David

70(as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets who have been from of old),

71salvation from our enemies, and from the hand of all who hate us;

72to show mercy towards our fathers, to remember his holy covenant,

73the oath which he spoke to Abraham, our father,

74to grant to us that we, being delivered out of the hand of our enemies, should serve him without fear,

75In holiness and righteousness before him all the days of our life.

76And you, child, will be called a prophet of the Most High, for you will go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways,

77to give knowledge of salvation to his people by the remission of their sins,

78because of the tender mercy of our God, whereby the dawn from on high will visit us,

79to shine on those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death; to guide our feet into the way of peace.”

80The child was growing, and becoming strong in spirit, and was in the desert until the day of his public appearance to Israel.

Commentary

"\nEven as they delivered them unto us,.... By whom the evangelist means, as appears from the after description of them, the twelve apostles, and seventy disciples; who handed down to others the accounts of the birth, life, and death of Christ; and according to which the above Christians proposed to write:\n\nwhich from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word; either of the Gospel, or rather of Christ himself, the eternal Word of God; for from the beginning of Christ's preaching the Gospel, or as soon as he entered upon his public ministry, he called his apostles, as Simon, Andrew, James, John, c. and afterwards seventy disciples who were eyewitnesses of him, of the truth of his incarnation, and of his ministry and miracles; saw, and conversed with him after his resurrection from the dead and beheld his ascension to heaven; and were ministers that were called, qualified, and sent out by him and waited on him, and served him. This shows, as is by some rightly observed, that Luke was not one of the seventy disciples, as some {i} have thought, and as the title of this Gospel, to the Arabic version of it, expresses; for then he would have been an eyewitness himself: nor did he take his account from the Apostle Paul; for he was not a minister of the word from the beginning, but was as one born out of due time.\n\n{i} Epiphan. contra Haeres. l. 2. Haeres. 51. Theophylact. in Argument in Luc.\n\n\n "

THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO LUKE Commentary by David Brown INTRODUCTIONThe writer of this Gospel is universally allowed to have been Lucas (an abbreviated form of Lucanus, as Silas of Silvanus), though he is not expressly named either in the Gospel or in the Acts. From Col 4:14 we learn that he was a "physician"; and by comparing that verse with Col 4:10, 11—in which the apostle enumerates all those of the circumcision who were then with him, but does not mention Luke, though he immediately afterwards sends a salutation from him—we gather that Luke was not a born Jew. Some have thought he was a freed-man (libertinus), as the Romans devolved the healing art on persons of this class and on their slaves, as an occupation beneath themselves. His intimate acquaintance with Jewish customs, and his facility in Hebraic Greek, seem to show that he was an early convert to the Jewish faith; and this is curiously confirmed by Ac 21:27-29, where we find the Jews enraged at Paul's supposed introduction of Greeks into the temple, because they had seen "Trophimus the Ephesian" with him; and as we know that Luke was with Paul on that occasion, it would seem that they had taken him for a Jew, as they made no mention of him. On the other hand, his fluency in classical Greek confirms his Gentile origin. The time when he joined Paul's company is clearly indicated in the Acts by his changing (at Ac 16:10) from the third person singular ("he") to the first person plural ("we"). From that time he hardly ever left the apostle till near the period of his martyrdom (2Ti 4:11). Eusebius makes him a native of Antioch. If so, he would have every advantage for cultivating the literature of Greece and such medical knowledge as was then possessed. That he died a natural death is generally agreed among the ancients; Gregory Nazianzen alone affirming that he died a martyr.The time and place of the publication of his Gospel are alike uncertain. But we can approximate to it. It must at any rate have been issued before the Acts, for there the 'Gospel' is expressly referred to as the same author's "former treatise" (Ac 1:1). Now the Book of the Acts was not published for two whole years after Paul's arrival as a prisoner at Rome, for it concludes with a reference to this period; but probably it was published soon after that, which would appear to have been early in the year 63. Before that time, then, we have reason to believe that the Gospel of Luke was in circulation, though the majority of critics make it later. If we date it somewhere between A.D. 50 and 60, we shall probably be near the truth; but nearer it we cannot with any certainty come. Conjectures as to the place of publication are too uncertain to be mentioned here.That it was addressed, in the first instance, to Gentile readers, is beyond doubt. This is no more, as Davidson remarks [Introduction to the New Testament, p. 186], than was to have been expected from the companion of an "apostle of the Gentiles," who had witnessed marvellous changes in the condition of many heathens by the reception of the Gospel. But the explanations in his Gospel of things known to every Jew, and which could only be intended for Gentile readers, make this quite plain—see Lu 1:26; 4:31; 8:26; 21:37; 22:1; 24:13. A number of other minute particulars, both of things inserted and of things omitted, confirm the conclusion that it was Gentiles whom this Evangelist had in the first instance in view.We have already adverted to the classical style of Greek which this Evangelist writes—just what might have been expected from an educated Greek and travelled physician. But we have also observed that along with this he shows a wonderful flexibility of style, so much so, that when he comes to relate transactions wholly Jewish, where the speakers and actors and incidents are all Jewish, he writes in such Jewish Greek as one would do who had never been out of Palestine or mixed with any but Jews. In Da Costa's'S Four Witnesses will be found some traces of "the beloved physician" in this Gospel. But far more striking and important are the traces in it of his intimate connection with the apostle of the Gentiles. That one who was so long and so constantly in the society of that master mind has in such a work as this shown no traces of that connection, no stamp of that mind, is hardly to be believed. Writers of Introductions seem not to see it, and take no notice of it. But those who look into the interior of it will soon discover evidences enough in it of a Pauline cast of mind.

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