Exodus 18

ENGWEBEnglish27 verses

1Now Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, how that Yahweh had brought Israel out of Egypt.

2Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, received Zipporah, Moses’ wife, after he had sent her away,

3and her two sons. The name of one son was Gershom, for Moses said, “I have lived as a foreigner in a foreign land”.

4The name of the other was Eliezer, for he said, “My father’s God was my help and delivered me from Pharaoh’s sword.”

5Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, came with his sons and his wife to Moses into the wilderness where he was encamped, at the Mountain of God.

6He said to Moses, “I, your father-in-law Jethro, have come to you with your wife, and her two sons with her.”

7Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and bowed and kissed him. They asked each other of their welfare, and they came into the tent.

8Moses told his father-in-law all that Yahweh had done to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel’s sake, all the hardships that had come on them on the way, and how Yahweh delivered them.

9Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness which Yahweh had done to Israel, in that he had delivered them out of the hand of the Egyptians.

10Jethro said, “Blessed be Yahweh, who has delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of Pharaoh; who has delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians.

11Now I know that Yahweh is greater than all gods because of the thing in which they dealt arrogantly against them.”

12Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God. Aaron came with all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses’ father-in-law before God.

13On the next day, Moses sat to judge the people, and the people stood around Moses from the morning to the evening.

14When Moses’ father-in-law saw all that he did to the people, he said, “What is this thing that you do for the people? Why do you sit alone, and all the people stand around you from morning to evening?”

15Moses said to his father-in-law, “Because the people come to me to inquire of God.

16When they have a matter, they come to me, and I judge between a man and his neighbor, and I make them know the statutes of God, and his laws.”

17Moses’ father-in-law said to him, “The thing that you do is not good.

18You will surely wear away, both you, and this people that is with you; for the thing is too heavy for you. You are not able to perform it yourself alone.

19Listen now to my voice. I will give you counsel, and God be with you. You represent the people before God, and bring the causes to God.

20You shall teach them the statutes and the laws, and shall show them the way in which they must walk, and the work that they must do.

21Moreover you shall provide out of all the people able men which fear God: men of truth, hating unjust gain; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.

22Let them judge the people at all times. It shall be that every great matter they shall bring to you, but every small matter they shall judge themselves. So shall it be easier for you, and they shall share the load with you.

23If you will do this thing, and God commands you so, then you will be able to endure, and all these people also will go to their place in peace.”

24So Moses listened to the voice of his father-in-law, and did all that he had said.

25Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them heads over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.

26They judged the people at all times. They brought the hard causes to Moses, but every small matter they judged themselves.

27Moses let his father-in-law depart, and he went his way into his own land.

Commentary

18:1-6 Jethro came to rejoice with Moses in the happiness of Israel, and to bring his wife and children to him. Moses must have his family with him, that while he ruled the church of God, he might set a good example in family government, 1Ti 3:5.

18:1 Jethro to congratulate the happiness of Israel, and particularly the honour of Moses his son - in - law; comes to rejoice with them, as one that had a true respect both for them and for their God. And also to bring Moses's wife and children to him. It seems he had sent them back, probably from the inn where his wife's lothness to have her son circumcised had like to have cost him his life, Ex 4:25.

CHAPTER 18Ex 18:1-27. Visit of Jethro.1-5. Jethro … came … unto Moses, &c.—It is thought by many eminent commentators that this episode is inserted out of its chronological order, for it is described as occurring when the Israelites were "encamped at the mount of God." And yet they did not reach it till the third month after their departure from Egypt (Ex 19:1, 2; compare De 1:6, 9-15).

Chapter 18 This chapter is concerning Moses himself, and the affairs of his own family. I. Jethro his father-in-law brings to him his wife and children (v. 1-6). II. Moses entertains his father-in-law with great respect (v. 7), with good discourse (v. 8–11), with a sacrifice and a feast (v. 12). III. Jethro advises him about the management of his business as a judge in Israel, to take inferior judges in to his assistance (v. 13–23), and Moses, after some time, takes his counsel (v. 24–26), and so they part (v. 27).Verses 1-6 This incident may very well be allowed to have happened as it is placed here, before the giving of the law, and not, as some place it, in connection with what is recorded, Num. 10:11, 29, etc. Sacrifices were offered before; in these mentioned here (v. 12) it is observable that Jethro is said to take them, not Aaron. And as to Jethro’s advising Moses to constitute judges under him, though it is intimate (v. 13) that the occasion of his giving that advice was on the morrow, yet it does not follow but that Moses’s settlement of that affair might be some time after, when the law was given, as it is placed, Deu. 1:9. It is plain that Jethro himself would not have him make this alteration in the government till he had received instructions from God about it (v. 23), which he did not till some time after. Jethro comes,I. To congratulate the happiness of Israel, and particularly the honour of Moses his son-in-law; and now Jethro thinks himself well paid for all the kindness he had shown to Moses in his distress, and his daughter better matched than he could have expected. Jethro could not but hear what all the country rang of, the glorious appearances of God for his people Israel (v. 1); and he comes to enquire, and inform himself more fully thereof (see Ps. 111:2), and to rejoice with them as one that had a true respect both for them and for their God. Though he, as a Midianite, was not to share with them in the promised land, yet he shared with them in the joy of their deliverance. We may thus make the comforts of others our own, by taking pleasure, as God does, in the prosperity of the righteous.II. To bring Moses’s wife and children to him. It seems, he had sent them back, probably from the inn where his wife’s aversion to the circumcision of her son had like to have cost him his life (ch. 4:25); fearing lest they should prove a further hindrance, he sent them home to his father-in-law. He foresaw what discouragements he was likely to meet with in the court of Pharaoh, and therefore would not take any with him in his own family. He was of that tribe that said to his father, I have not known him, when service was to be done for God, Deu. 33:9. Thus Christ’s disciples, when they were to go upon an expedition not much unlike that of Moses, were to forsake wife and children, Mt. 19:29. But though there might be reason for the separation that was between Moses and his wife for a time, yet they must come together again, as soon as ever they could with any convenience. It is the law of the relation. You husbands, dwell with your wives, 1 Pt. 3:7. Jethro, we may suppose, was glad of his daughter’s company, and fond of her children, yet he would not keep her from her husband, nor them from their father, v. 5, 6. Moses must have his family with him, that while he ruled the church of God he might set a good example of prudence in family-government, 1 Tim. 3:5. Moses had now a great deal both of honour and care put upon him, and it was fit that his wife should be with him to share with him in both. Notice is taken of the significant names of his two sons. 1. The eldest was called Gershom (v. 3), a stranger, Moses designing thereby, not only a memorial of his own condition, but a memorandum to his son of his condition also: for we are all strangers upon earth, as all our fathers were. Moses had a great uncle almost of the same name, Gershon, a stranger; for though he was born in Canaan (Gen. 46:11), yet even there the patriarchs confessed themselves strangers. 2. The other he called Eliezer (v. 4), My God a help, as we translate it; it looks back to his deliverance from Pharaoh, when he made his escape, after the slaying of the Egyptian; but, if this was (as some think) the son that was circumcised at the inn as he was going, I would rather translate it so as to look forward, which the original will bear, The Lord is my help, and will deliver me from the sword of Pharaoh, which he had reason to expect would be drawn against him when he was going to fetch Israel out of bondage. Note, When we are undertaking any difficult service for God and our generation, it is good for us to encourage ourselves in God as our help: he that has delivered does and will deliver.

18:3 The name of one was Gershom - A stranger, designing thereby not only a memorial of his own condition, but a memorandum to this son of his, for we are all strangers upon earth.

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Translations8 · 5

AMHEVG የምድያምም ካህን የሙሴ አማት ዮቶር እግዚአብሔር ለሙሴና ለሕዝቡ ለእስራኤል ያደረገውን ሁሉ፥ እግዚአብሔርም እስራኤልን ከግብፅ እንዳወጣ ሰማ። አማርኛ ENGNIV Now Jethro, the priest of Midian and father-in-law of Moses, heard of everything God had done for Moses and for his peo… English BCV ዮቶር፥ ካህን ምድያም ሓሙ ሙሴ፥ እግዚኣብሄር ንሙሴን ንህዝቡ እስራኤልን ኵሉ ዝገበሮን፥ እግዚኣብሄርውን ካብ ግብፂ ንእስራኤል ከም ዘውፅኦምን ሰምዐ። ትግርኛ GAZBIB Yetroo lubni warra Miidiyaan, abbiyyuun Musee wanta Waaqayyo gooftaan Museedhaaf, saba isaa Israa'eliifis godhe, attami… Afaan Oromoo BCV GIZ ወሰምዐ ዮቶር ሠዋዒ ዘእምድያም ሐሙሁ ለሙሴ ኵሎ ዘገብረ እግዚአብሔር ለእስራኤል ለሕዝቡ ወአውፅኦሙ እግዚአብሔር ለእስራኤል እምግብፅ። giz GAZGAZ Yetroo lubni warra Miidiyaan, abbiyyuun Musee wanta Waaqayyo gooftaan Museedhaaf, saba isaa Israa'eliifis godhe, attami… Afaan Oromoo BCV aksum ዮቶር፥ ካህን ምድያም ሓሙ ሙሴ፥ እግዚኣብሄር ንሙሴን ንህዝቡ እስራኤልን ኵሉ ዝገበሮን፥ እግዚኣብሄርውን ካብ ግብፂ ንእስራኤል ከም ዘውፅኦምን ሰምዐ። ትግርኛ AMHNIV የምድያም ካህን የሙሴ አማት ዮቶር፣ እግዚአብሔር (ኤሎሂም) ለሙሴና ለሕዝቡ ለእስራኤል ያደረገላቸውን ሁሉ እንዲሁም እግዚአብሔር (ያህዌ) እስራኤልን ከግብፅ እንዴት እንዳወጣቸው ሰማ። አማርኛ