1 Samuel 20

ENGWEBEnglish42 verses

1David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, “What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?”

2He said to him, “Far from it; you shall not die. Behold, my father does nothing either great or small, but that he discloses it to me; and why should my father hide this thing from me? It is not so.”

3David swore moreover, and said, “Your father knows well that I have found favor in your eyes; and he says, ‘Don’t let Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved:’ but truly as Yahweh lives, and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death.”

4Then Jonathan said to David, “Whatever your soul desires, I will even do it for you.”

5David said to Jonathan, “Behold, tomorrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to dine with the king; but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field to the third day at evening.

6If your father miss me at all, then say, ‘David earnestly asked leave of me that he might run to Bethlehem his city; for it is the yearly sacrifice there for all the family.’

7If he says, ‘It is well;’ your servant shall have peace: but if he be angry, then know that evil is determined by him.

8Therefore deal kindly with your servant; for you have brought your servant into a covenant of Yahweh with you: but if there is iniquity in me, kill me yourself; for why should you bring me to your father?”

9Jonathan said, “Far be it from you; for if I should at all know that evil were determined by my father to come on you, then wouldn’t I tell you that?”

10Then David said to Jonathan, “Who shall tell me if perchance your father answers you roughly?”

11Jonathan said to David, “Come, and let us go out into the field.” They both went out into the field.

12Jonathan said to David, “By Yahweh, the God of Israel, when I have sounded my father about this time tomorrow, or the third day, behold, if there is good toward David, shall I not then send to you, and disclose it to you?

13Yahweh do so to Jonathan, and more also, should it please my father to do you evil, if I don’t disclose it to you, and send you away, that you may go in peace: and Yahweh be with you, as he has been with my father.

14You shall not only while yet I live show me the loving kindness of Yahweh, that I not die;

15but also you shall not cut off your kindness from my house forever; no, not when Yahweh has cut off the enemies of David everyone from the surface of the earth.”

16So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, “Yahweh will require it at the hand of David’s enemies.”

17Jonathan caused David to swear again, for the love that he had to him; for he loved him as he loved his own soul.

18Then Jonathan said to him, “Tomorrow is the new moon: and you will be missed, because your seat will be empty.

19When you have stayed three days, you shall go down quickly, and come to the place where you hid yourself when this started, and shall remain by the stone Ezel.

20I will shoot three arrows on its side, as though I shot at a mark.

21Behold, I will send the boy, saying, ‘Go, find the arrows!’ If I tell the boy, ‘Behold, the arrows are on this side of you. Take them;’ then come; for there is peace to you and no hurt, as Yahweh lives.

22But if I say this to the boy, ‘Behold, the arrows are beyond you;’ then go your way; for Yahweh has sent you away.

23Concerning the matter which you and I have spoken of, behold, Yahweh is between you and me forever.”

24So David hid himself in the field: and when the new moon had come, the king sat him down to eat food.

25The king sat on his seat, as at other times, even on the seat by the wall; and Jonathan stood up, and Abner sat by Saul’s side: but David’s place was empty.

26Nevertheless Saul didn’t say anything that day: for he thought, “Something has happened to him. He is not clean. Surely he is not clean.”

27On the next day after the new moon, the second day, David’s place was empty. Saul said to Jonathan his son, “Why doesn’t the son of Jesse come to eat, neither yesterday, nor today?”

28Jonathan answered Saul, “David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem.

29He said, ‘Please let me go, for our family has a sacrifice in the city. My brother has commanded me to be there. Now, if I have found favor in your eyes, please let me go away and see my brothers.’ Therefore he has not come to the king’s table.”

30Then Saul’s anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse rebellious woman, don’t I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame, and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness?

31For as long as the son of Jesse lives on the earth, you shall not be established, nor your kingdom. Therefore now send and bring him to me, for he shall surely die!”

32Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said to him, “Why should he be put to death? What has he done?”

33Saul cast his spear at him to strike him. By this Jonathan knew that his father was determined to put David to death.

34So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and ate no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.

35In the morning, Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little boy with him.

36He said to his boy, “Run, find now the arrows which I shoot.” As the boy ran, he shot an arrow beyond him.

37When the boy had come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the boy, and said, “Isn’t the arrow beyond you?”

38Jonathan cried after the boy, “Go fast! Hurry! Don’t delay!” Jonathan’s boy gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.

39But the boy didn’t know anything. Only Jonathan and David knew the matter.

40Jonathan gave his weapons to his boy, and said to him, “Go, carry them to the city.”

41As soon as the boy was gone, David arose out of the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times. They kissed one another, and wept one with another, and David wept the most.

42Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, because we have both sworn in Yahweh’s name, saying, ‘Yahweh shall be between me and you, and between my offspring and your offspring, forever.’” He arose and departed; and Jonathan went into the city.

Commentary

Chapter 20 David, having several times narrowly escaped Saul’s fury, begins to consider at last whether it may not be necessary for him to retire into the country and to take up arms in his own defence. But he will not do so daring a thing without consulting his faithful friend Jonathan; how he did this, and what passed between them, we have an account in this chapter, where we have as surprising instances of supernatural love as we had in the chapter before of unnatural hatred. I. David complains to Jonathan of his present distress, and engages him to be his friend (v. 1-8). II. Jonathan faithfully promises to get and give him intelligence how his father stood affected to him, and renews the covenant of friendship with him (v. 9–23). III. Jonathan, upon trial, finds, to his grief, that his father was implacably enraged against David (v. 24–34). IV. He gives David notice of this, according to the appointment between them (v. 35–42).Verses 1-8 Here, I. David makes a representation to Jonathan of his present troubles. While Saul lay bound by his trance at Naioth David escaped to the court, and got to speak with Jonathan. And it was happy for him that he had such a friend at court, when he had such an enemy on the throne. If there be those that hate and despise us, let us not be disturbed at that, for there are those also that love and respect us. God hath set the one over against the other, and so must we. Jonathan was a friend that loved at all times, loved David as well now in his distress, and bade him as welcome into his arms, as he had done when he was in his triumph (ch. 18:1), and he was a brother that was born for adversity, Prov. 17:17. Now, 1. David appeals to Jonathan himself concerning his innocency, and he needed not say much to him for the proof of it, only he desired him that if he knew of any just offence he had given his father he would tell him, that he might humble himself and beg his pardon: What have I done? v. 1. 2. He endeavors to convince him that, notwithstanding his innocency, Saul sought his life. Jonathan, from a principal of filial respect to his father, was very loth to believe that he designed or would ever do so wicked a thing, v. 2. He the rather hoped so because he knew nothing of any such design, and he had usually been made privy to all his counsels. Jonathan, as became a dutiful son, endeavored to cover his father’s shame, as far as was consistent with justice and fidelity to David. Charity is not forward to think evil of any, especially of a parent, 1 Co. 13:5. David therefore gives him the assurance of an oath concerning his own danger, swears the peace upon Saul, that he was in fear of his life by him: "As the Lord liveth, than which nothing more sure in itself, and as thy soul liveth, than which nothing more certain to thee, whatever thou thinkest, there is but a step between me and death," v. 3. And, as for Saul’s concealing it from Jonathan, it was easy to account for that; he knew the friendship between him and David, and therefore, though in other things he advised with him, yet not in that. None more fit than Jonathan to serve him in every design that was just and honourable, but he knew him to be a man of more virtue than to be his confidant in so base a design as the murder of David.II. Jonathan generously offers him his service (v. 4): Whatsoever thou desirest, he needed not insert the proviso of lawful and honest (for he knew David too well to think he would ask any thing that was otherwise), I will even do it for thee. This is true friendship. Thus Christ testifies his love to us: Ask, and it shall be done for you; and we must testify ours to him by keeping his commandments.III. David only desires him to satisfy himself, and then to satisfy him whether Saul did really design his death or no. Perhaps David proposed this more for Jonathan’s conviction than his own, for he himself was well satisfied. 1. The method of trial he proposed was very natural, and would certainly discover how Saul stood affected to him. The two next days Saul was to dine publicly, upon occasion of the solemnities of the new moon, when extraordinary sacrifices were offered and feasts made upon the sacrifices. Saul was rejected of God, and the Spirit of the Lord had departed from him, yet he kept up his observance of the holy feasts. There may be the remains of external devotion where there is nothing but the ruins of real virtue. At these solemn feasts Saul had either all his children to sit with him, and David had a seat as one of them, or all his great officers, and David had a seat as one of them. However it was, David resolved his seat should be empty (and that it never used to be at a sacred feast) those two days (v. 5), and he would abscond till the solemnity was over, and put it upon this issue: if Saul admitted an excuse for his absence, and dispensed with it, he would conclude he had changed his mind and was reconciled to him; but if he resented it, and was put into a passion by it, it was easy to conclude he designed him a mischief, since it was certain he did not love him so well as to desire his presence for any other end than that he might have an opportunity to do him a mischief, v. 7. 2. The excuse he desired Jonathan to make for his absence, we have reason to think, was true, that he was invited by his elder brother to Bethlehem, his own city, to celebrate this new moon with his relations there, because, besides the monthly solemnity in which they held communion with all Israel, they had now a yearly sacrifice, and a holy feast upon it, for all the family, v. 6. They kept a day of thanksgiving in their family for the comforts they enjoyed, and of prayer for the continuance of them. By this it appears that the family David was of was a very religious family, a house that had a church in it. 3. The arguments he used with Jonathan to persuade him to do this kindness for him were very pressing, v. 8. (1.

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Translations8 · 5

AMHEVG ዳዊትም ከአርማቴም አገር ከነዋትዘራማ ሸሸ፥ ወደ ዮናታንም መጥቶ፦ ምን አደረግሁ? እኔንስ ለመግደል የሚፈልግ በአባትህ ፊት ጠማምነቴና ኃጢአቴ ምንድር ነው? ብሎ ተናገረው። አማርኛ ENGNIV Then David fled from Naioth at Ramah and went to Jonathan and asked, “What have I done? What is my crime? How have I wr… English BCV ሽዑ ዳዊት ካብ ኣውቴዝራማ ናይ ኣርማቴም ሃዲሙ ናብ ዮናታን መፀ። “ኣቦኻ ኸምዙይ ገይሩ ኽቐትለኒ ዝደሊ ዘሎስ፥ እንታይ ገይረ እየ? በደለይከ እንታይ እዩ? ሓጢኣተይከ፥ ኣብ ቅድሚ ኣቦኻ እ… ትግርኛ GAZBIB Daawit ergasii Naayot kutaa biyya Raamaatii baqatee sokkee Yonaataan bira dhaqee,“Ani maalan godhe” Yakki koo maali” Ab… Afaan Oromoo BCV GIZ ወተኀጥአ ዳዊት እምአውቴ ዘራማ ወበጽሐ ኀበ ዮናታን፡ ወይቤሎ፦ ምንተ ገበርኩ ወምንተ አበስኩ ወምንት አበሳየ ቅድመ አቡከ ከመ ይኅሥሣ ለነፍስየ? giz GAZGAZ Daawit ergasii Naayot kutaa biyya Raamaatii baqatee sokkee Yonaataan bira dhaqee,“Ani maalan godhe” Yakki koo maali” Ab… Afaan Oromoo BCV aksum ሽዑ ዳዊት ካብ ኣውቴዝራማ ናይ ኣርማቴም ሃዲሙ ናብ ዮናታን መፀ። “ኣቦኻ ኸምዙይ ገይሩ ኽቐትለኒ ዝደሊ ዘሎስ፥ እንታይ ገይረ እየ? በደለይከ እንታይ እዩ? ሓጢኣተይከ፥ ኣብ ቅድሚ ኣቦኻ እ… ትግርኛ AMHNIV ከዚህ በኋላ ዳዊት በአርማቴም ካለችው ከነዋት ዘራማ ሸሽቶ ወደ ዮናታን በመሄድ፣ “ምን አድርጌአለሁ? ምን በደልስ ፈጸምሁ? አባትህ ሕይወቴን ለማጥፋት የሚፈልገውስ በፊቱ ምን ተገኝቶብኝ ነው… አማርኛ